@article{redelsperger_amma_2006,
	title = {{AMMA}, une étude multidisciplinaire de la mousson ouest-africaine},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {0026-1181},
	doi = {10.4267/2042/20098},
	number = {54},
	journal = {La Météorologie},
	author = {Redelsperger, J.-L. and Diedhiou, A. and Flamant, C. and Janicot, S. and Lafore, J.-P. and Lebel, T. and Polcher, J. and Caniaux, G. and De Rosnay, P. and Desbois, M. and Eymard, L. and Fontaine, B. and Geneau, I. and Ginoux, K. and Hoepffner, M. and Kane, C. and Law, K. and Mari, C. and Marticorena, B. and Mougin, E. and Pelon, J. and Peugeot, C. and Protat, A. and Roux, F. and Sultan, B. and Van Den Akker, E.},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
}

@article{sighomnou_crue_2013,
	title = {La crue de 2012 à {Niamey} : un paroxysme du paradoxe du {Sahel} ?},
	volume = {24},
	shorttitle = {The {Niger} {River} {Niamey} flood of 2012},
	url = {http://www.john-libbey-eurotext.fr/medline.md?doi=10.1684/sec.2013.0370},
	doi = {10.1684/sec.2013.0370},
	language = {fre},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse},
	author = {Sighomnou, Daniel and Descroix, Luc and Genthon, Pierre and Mahé, Gil and Bouzou Moussa, Ibrahim and Gautier, Emmanuèle and Mamadou, Ibrahim and Vandervaere, Jean-Pierre and Bachir, Tanimoun and Coulibaly, Bréhima and Rajot, Jean-Louis and Malam Issa, Oumarou and Malam Abdou, Moussa and Dessay, Nadine and Delaitre, Eric and Faran Maiga, Oumarou and Diedhiou, Arona and Panthou, G. and Vischel, T. and Yacouba, Hamma and Karambiri, Harouna and Paturel, Jean-Emmanuel and Diello, Pierre and Mougin, Eric and Kergoat, Laurent and Hiernaux, Pierre},
	month = feb,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, HYBIS},
	pages = {3--13},
}

@article{diawara_sensibilite_2020,
	title = {Sensibilité de la production herbacée aux aléas de la distribution des pluies au {Sahel} ({Agoufou}, {Mali}): une approche par modélisation},
	volume = {14},
	doi = {10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.14},
	abstract = {The strong spatial and temporal variability of rainfall patterns in the Sahel is accepted by everybody. The phenology of the herbaceous layer dominated by annual plants follows this rhythm by alternating a short growing period with a long dormancy period. The simulations were performed with the STEP model (Sahelian Transpiration Evaporation and Production model).},
	language = {fr},
	number = {4},
	journal = {International journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences},
	author = {Diawara, Mamadou Oumar and Hiernaux, Pierre and Sissoko, Sory and Mougin, Eric and Soumaguel, Nogmana},
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, STEP},
	pages = {1341--1353},
}

@article{diawara_joint_2020,
	title = {Joint monitoring of livestock stocking rates and rangeland vegetation of {Hombori} district in {Mali} during the 2010-2011 dry season},
	volume = {14},
	doi = {10.4314/ijbcs.v14i6.2},
	language = {English},
	number = {6},
	journal = {International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences},
	author = {Diawara, Mamadou Oumar and Hiernaux, Pierre and Mougin, Eric and Sissoko, Sory and Kergoat, Laurent and Diakité, Hawa salif and Diallo, Abdoulaye and Soumaguel, Nogmana},
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, STEP},
	pages = {1941--1956},
}

@article{hiernaux_adapting_2020,
	title = {Adapting pastoral breeding to global changes in {West} and {Central} tropical {Africa}: {Review} of ecological views},
	volume = {73},
	copyright = {Copyright (c)},
	issn = {1951-6711},
	shorttitle = {Adapting pastoral breeding to global changes in {West} and {Central} tropical {Africa}},
	url = {https://revues.cirad.fr/index.php/REMVT/article/view/31893},
	doi = {10.19182/remvt.31893},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-10-20},
	journal = {Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux},
	author = {Hiernaux, P. and Assouma, M. H.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {changement climatique, AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, adaptation, Afrique au sud du Sahara, changement social, écologie, pastoralisme},
	pages = {1--11},
}

@article{faye_investigating_2020,
	title = {Investigating the {Drivers} of {Total} {Suspended} {Sediment} {Regime} in the {Senegal} {River} {Basin} {Using} {Landsat} 8 {Satellite} {Images}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {2060-467X},
	url = {https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/jengeo/13/1-2/article-p31.xml},
	doi = {10.2478/jengeo-2020-0004},
	abstract = {Abstract Because total suspended sediments (TSS) influence the penetration of light into the water column and are likely to carry pollutants and nutrients, their study is essential for understanding the functioning of African river ecosystems. If the estimation of solid transport is important in the context of hydro-agricultural developments, its quantification often poses a problem. In addition, in situ data for these areas are rare and, as a result, the environmental factors responsible for the variability of TSS can hardly be understood. This work aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of TSS in the surface waters of the Senegal River using satellite data over the 2014-2018 period. The spatio-temporal dynamics of TSS is reconstructed using a relationship established on several West African sites between in situ data from TSS and satellite reflectances from Landsat 8. These data allow analyzing the relationship between TSS and factors such as rainfall and discharge. We found that the TSS peaks in Bakel coincide with the arrival of the first rains and are followed by peaks in discharge with a lag of 2 months. A time lag between TSS and discharge peaks is also observed on its tributaries like the River Falémé. Concerning the spatial variability, TSS generally increase from the river upstream to the downstream and decrease in the Senegal delta after the Diama dam. The analysis of the TSS upstream and downstream of the Manantali dam, in the upstream area, confirms the relatively low sediment deposits in the dam lake.},
	number = {1-2},
	urldate = {2020-10-22},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Geography},
	author = {Faye, Cheikh and Grippa, Manuela and Kergoat, Laurent and Robert, Elodie},
	month = apr,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {31--42},
}

@article{mougin_evaluation_2021,
	title = {Evaluation of {MODIS} and {GEOV2} {LAI} and {FAPAR} products for the semi-arid savannahs of {Sahel} ({Gourma}, {Mali})},
	journal = {Journal of arid environments},
	author = {Mougin, E. and Diawara, M.O. and Auda, Y. and Demarez, V. and Soumaguel, N. and Maiga, A.A. and Hiernaux, P.H. and Jarlan, L.},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH},
}

@article{le_lay_how_2005,
	title = {How changing rainfall regimes may affect the water balance: a modelling approach in {West} {Africa}},
	volume = {296},
	issn = {0144-7815},
	shorttitle = {How changing rainfall regimes may affect the water balance},
	url = {http://iahs.info/redbooks/296.htm},
	abstract = {West Africa is subject to large rainfall variability, on both interannual and decadal scales. The drought and famines that struck this region during the 1970s and the 1980s illustrate the impact of such variability on water resources. To gain a better understanding on how long-scale rainfall variability may affect the water resources in this region, use was made of a data set collected on the Upper Oueme catchment (10 050 km(2) in a Sudanian environment) in Benin, as part of the AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) observing system. A lumped hydrological model (GR4J) is successfully applied to the catchment, and is forced with different rainfall regime scenarios. The results show a large variability of hydrological response with respect to given regional climatic changes, and thus emphasize the relevance of fine time-scale studies.},
	urldate = {2010-11-12},
	journal = {IAHS Publ.},
	author = {Le Lay, M and Galle, S.},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {203--210},
}

@article{balme_demarrage_2005,
	title = {Démarrage de la saison des pluies au {Sahel} : variabilité aux échelles hydrologique et agronomique, analysée à partir des données {EPSAT}-{Niger}},
	volume = {16},
	url = {http://www.john-libbey-eurotext.fr/fr/revues/agro_biotech/sec/e-docs/00/04/0C/00/article.phtml},
	doi = {pas de doi},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Sécheresse},
	author = {Balme, Maud and Galle, Sylvie and Lebel, Thierry},
	month = mar,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {15--22},
}

@article{boone_african_2009,
	title = {The {African} {Monsoon} {Multidisciplinary} {Analyses} ({AMMA}) {Land} surface {Model} {Intercomparison} {Project} {Phase} 2 ({ALMIP2})},
	volume = {19},
	url = {http://www.gewex.org/gewex_nwsltr.html},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Gewex News},
	author = {Boone, A. and Getirana, A.C.V. and Demarty, J. and Cappelaere, B. and Galle, S. and Grippa, M. and Lebel, T. and Mougin, Eric and Peugeot, Ch. and Vischel, Théo},
	month = nov,
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, HYBIS},
	pages = {9--10},
}

@article{desconnets_processus_1996,
	title = {Les processus de distribution des eaux en région sahélienne : l’hydrologie dans l’expérience {HAPEX}-{Sahel}},
	volume = {238},
	url = {http://iahs.info/redbooks/238.htm},
	journal = {IAHS Publ.},
	author = {Desconnets, J-C. and Galle, S. and Leduc, C. and Peugeot, Ch.},
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Hapex-Sahel},
	pages = {125--137},
}

@article{gendre_evaluation_2011,
	series = {Association {Française} de {Topographie}},
	title = {Évaluation de l'érosion du site de {Wankama} ({Niger}) par comparaison de différents {MNT}},
	volume = {129},
	issn = {http://www.aftopo.org/FR/REVUES/revue-4-128.html},
	url = {http://www.aftopo.org/download.php?matricule=412905},
	journal = {Revue XYZ},
	author = {Gendre, Thibaud and Ferhat, Gilbert and Hinderer, Jacques and Favreau, Guillaume and Cappelaere, Bernard and Le Breton, Eric},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {17--24},
}

@article{ali_signification_2008,
	title = {Signification and use of the rainfall index in the {Sahel}},
	volume = {19},
	url = {http://www.jle.com/10.1684/sec.2008.0148},
	doi = {pb DOI : 10.1684/sec.2008.0148},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Sécheresse},
	author = {Ali, A. and Lebel, T. and Amani, A.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {227--235},
}

@article{janicot_mousson_2012,
	title = {La mousson ouest-africaine: introduction à quelques contributions du programme d'étude multidisciplinaire {AMMA}},
	volume = {8},
	shorttitle = {La mousson ouest-africaine},
	url = {http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/48125},
	doi = {10.4267/2042/48125},
	urldate = {2012-11-05},
	journal = {La Météorologie},
	author = {Janicot, S. and Redelsperger, J. L. and Lebel, T.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {2--9},
}

@article{eymard_observation_2012,
	title = {L'observation spatiale dans le programme {AMMA}},
	volume = {8},
	url = {http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/48136},
	doi = {10.4267/2042/48136},
	urldate = {2012-11-05},
	journal = {La Météorologie},
	author = {Eymard, L. and Baron, C. and Caniaux, G. and Flamant, C. and Kergoat, L. and Karbou, F.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, HYBIS},
	pages = {80--89},
}

@article{sultan_question_2012,
	title = {La question de la vulnérabilité et de l'adaptation de l'agriculture sahélienne au climat au sein du programme {AMMA}},
	volume = {8},
	url = {http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/48134},
	doi = {10.4267/2042/48134},
	urldate = {2012-11-05},
	journal = {La Météorologie},
	author = {Sultan, B. and Alhassane, A. and Barbier, B. and Baron, C. and Bella-Medjo Tsogo, M. and Berg, A. and Dingkuhn, M. and Fortilus, J. and Kouressy, M. and Leblois, A.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {64--72},
}

@article{peugeot_cycle_2012,
	title = {Le cycle de l'eau dans le système de mousson d'{Afrique} de l'{Ouest}},
	volume = {8},
	url = {http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/48133},
	doi = {10.4267/2042/48133},
	language = {Fr},
	urldate = {2012-11-05},
	journal = {La Météorologie},
	author = {Peugeot, C. and Bock, O. and Boone, A. and Cappelaere, B. and Gosset, M. and Meynadier, R. and Séguis, L. and Lebel, T. and Redelsperger, J. L.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {55--63},
}

@article{guichard_interactions_2012,
	title = {Interactions entre surface et convection au {Sahel}},
	volume = {8},
	url = {http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/handle/2042/48129},
	doi = {10.4267/2042/48129},
	number = {N° Spécial AMMA - Octobre},
	urldate = {2012-11-05},
	journal = {La Météorologie},
	author = {Guichard, F. and Kergoat, L. and Taylor, C. M. and Cappelaere, B. and Chong, M. and Cohard, J-M. and Couvreux, F. and Dione, C. and Gounou, A. and Lohou, F.},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ext1, ACLN, HYBIS},
	pages = {25--32},
}

@article{do_vegetation_2014,
	title = {Vegetation {Activity} in the {Upper} {Oueme} {Basin} ({Benin}, {Africa}) {Studied} from {SPOT}-{VGT} (2002-2012) {According} to {Land} {Cover}},
	volume = {4},
	url = {http://www.ijrsa.org/paperInfo.aspx?ID=16929},
	doi = {10.14355/ijrsa.2014.0403.02},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2014-09-24},
	journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications},
	author = {Do, Thao and Bigot, S. and Galle, S.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, HYBIS, benin, PHYREV, Beall's list},
	pages = {121--133},
}

@article{he_impact_2012,
	title = {Impact of improved atmospheric forcing data and soil-vegetation parameters in terrestrial hydrologic modeling over {West} {Africa}},
	volume = {-1},
	url = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC33A1002H},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2014-12-09},
	journal = {AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts},
	author = {He, X. and Kim, H. and Yeh, P. J. and Oki, T.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, extérieur},
	pages = {1002},
}

@article{mcnally_estimating_2013,
	title = {Estimating {Sahelian} and {East} {African} soil moisture using the {Normalized} {Difference} {Vegetation} {Index}},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1812-2116},
	url = {http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/10/7963/2013/},
	doi = {10.5194/hessd-10-7963-2013},
	abstract = {Rainfall gauge networks in Sub-Saharan Africa are inadequate for assessing Sahelian agricultural drought, hence satellite-based estimates of precipitation and vegetation indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) provide the main source of information for early warning systems. While it is common practice to translate precipitation into estimates of soil moisture, it is difficult to quantitatively compare precipitation and soil moisture estimates with variations in NDVI. In the context of agricultural drought early warning, this study quantitatively compares rainfall, soil moisture and NDVI using a simple statistical model to translate NDVI values into estimates of soil moisture. The model was calibrated using in-situ soil moisture observations from southwest Niger, and then used to estimate root zone soil moisture across the African Sahel from 2001–2012. We then used these NDVI-soil moisture estimates (NSM) to quantify agricultural drought, and compared our results with a precipitation-based estimate of soil moisture (the Antecedent Precipitation Index, API), calibrated to the same in-situ soil moisture observations. We also used in-situ soil moisture observations in Mali and Kenya to assess performance in other water-limited locations in sub Saharan Africa. The separate estimates of soil moisture were highly correlated across the semi-arid, West and Central African Sahel, where annual rainfall exhibits a uni-modal regime. We also found that seasonal API and NDVI-soil moisture showed high rank correlation with a crop water balance model, capturing known agricultural drought years in Niger, indicating that this new estimate of soil moisture can contribute to operational drought monitoring. In-situ soil moisture observations from Kenya highlighted how the rainfall-driven API needs to be recalibrated in locations with multiple rainy seasons (e.g., Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia). Our soil moisture estimates from NDVI, on the other hand, performed well in Niger, Mali and Kenya. This suggests that the NDVI-soil moisture relationship may be more robust across rainfall regimes than the API because the relationship between NDVI and plant available water is less reliant on local characteristics (e.g., infiltration, runoff, evaporation) than the relationship between rainfall and soil moisture.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2014-12-09},
	journal = {Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.},
	author = {McNally, A. and Funk, C. and Husak, G. J. and Michaelsen, J. and Cappelaere, B. and Demarty, J. and Pellarin, T. and Young, T. P. and Caylor, K. K. and Riginos, C. and Veblen, K. E.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Niger, AO},
	pages = {7963--7997},
}

@article{bouzou_moussa_changements_2011,
	title = {Les changements d’usage des sols et leurs conséquences hydrogéomorphologiques sur un bassin-versant endoréique sahélien},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1147-7806},
	url = {http://www.jle.com/fr/revues/agro_biotech/sec/e-docs/00/04/64/BF/resume.phtml?type=text.html},
	doi = {10.1684/sec.2011.0297},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-06-01},
	journal = {Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse},
	author = {Bouzou Moussa, Ibrahim and Descroix, Luc and Faran Maiga, Oumarou and Gautier, Emmanuèle and Adamou, Mahaman Moustapha and Esteves, Michel and Souley Yéro, Kadidiatou and Malam Abdou, Moussa and Mamadou, Ibrahim and Le Breton, Eric and Abba, Bachir},
	month = apr,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, HYBIS},
	pages = {13--24},
}

@article{itkin_multi-satellite_2012,
	title = {Multi-satellite rainfall sampling error estimates – a comparative study},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1812-2116},
	url = {http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/9/11677/2012/},
	doi = {10.5194/hessd-9-11677-2012},
	abstract = {This study focus is set on quantifying sampling related uncertainty in the satellite rainfall estimates. We conduct observing system simulation experiment to estimate sampling error for various constellations of Low-Earth orbiting and geostationary satellites. There are two types of microwave instruments currently available: cross track sounders and conical scanners. We evaluate the differences in sampling uncertainty for various satellite constellations that carry instruments of the common type as well as in combination with geostationary observations. A precise orbital model is used to simulate realistic satellite overpasses with orbital shifts taken into account. With this model we resampled rain gauge timeseries to simulate satellites rainfall estimates free of retrieval and calibration errors. We concentrate on two regions, Germany and Benin, areas with different precipitation regimes. Our results show that sampling uncertainty for all satellite constellations does not differ greatly depending on the area despite the differences in local precipitation patterns. Addition of 3 hourly geostationary observations provides equal performance improvement in Germany and Benin, reducing rainfall undersampling by 20–25\% of the total rainfall amount. Authors do not find a significant difference in rainfall sampling between conical imager and cross-track sounders.},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2014-12-09},
	journal = {Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.},
	author = {Itkin, M. and Loew, A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, extérieur},
	pages = {11677--11706},
}

@article{kounouhewa_dynamics_2013,
	title = {Dynamics and {Diurnal} {Variations} of {Surface} {Radiation} {Budget} over {Agricultural} {Crops} {Located} in {Sudanian} {Climate}},
	volume = {3},
	url = {http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=27583#.U4r_RHaO6nI},
	doi = {10.4236/acs.2013.31014},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Atmospheric and Climate Sciences},
	author = {Kounouhewa, B. and Mamadou, Ossénatou and Koto n'Gobi, Gabin and Awanou, C. N.},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, HYBIS, Beall's list},
	pages = {121--131},
}

@article{gangneron_ressources_2013,
	title = {Ressources pastorales et territorialité chez les agro-éleveurs sahéliens du {Gourma} des buttes},
	copyright = {© Tous droits réservés},
	issn = {1492-8442},
	url = {http://vertigo.revues.org/14427},
	doi = {10.4000/vertigo.14427},
	abstract = {Les populations rurales sédentaires de la commune de Hombori (Mali) pratiquent presque toutes la culture de mil associée au petit élevage non transhumant. Au-delà des contraintes environnementales d’une région semi-aride, le maintien de l’agro-élevage repose sur une double maitrise, des territoires et des ressources, l’une et l’autre ne pouvant se confondre. Par exemple, les agro-éleveurs sédentaires aspirent à faire valoir des droits possessifs sur les espaces péri-villageois alors que les éleveurs transhumants, visiteurs saisonniers avec qui ils sont en concurrence aspirent à disposer de pâturages sur des espaces pour eux indifférenciés. Par ailleurs, l’eau pastorale n’est considérée par aucun acteur comme une ressource territorialisée et la justification de son appropriation s’exerce uniquement lorsqu’elle a été l’objet d’un travail d’aménagement. Les exemples issus du terrain montrent qu’en cas de faible maitrise des espaces péri-villageois ces petits systèmes de production, structurellement fragiles, risquent la rupture lors d’années de faible pluviométrie.},
	language = {fr},
	number = {Volume 13 Numéro 3},
	urldate = {2014-12-09},
	journal = {VertigO - la revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement},
	author = {Gangneron, Fabrice},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Sahel, AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Mali, extérieur, agro-élevage, espaces, Hombori, pastorales, ressources, territoires, vulnérabilités},
}

@article{diedhiou_overview_2010,
	title = {Overview of synoptic conditions over {West} {Africa} and {North} {Atlantic} before cyclogenesis},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1992-2248},
	url = {http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/SRE/article-abstract/394EE1F16424},
	doi = {pas de doi},
	abstract = {The objective of this study is to describe the large scale conditions over West Africa and the Atlantic Ocean before the occurrence of a cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic by comparing synoptic conditions of a 3 day average before the genesis days of all cyclones (269 cyclones given by the National Hurricane Center; NHC) with the mean Aug-Oct climatology from 1980 to 2004. Over West Africa, the mean synoptic pattern before cyclogenesis is characterized by the presence of a stronger monsoon layer and lower values of Outgoing Longwave Radiation than the climatology depicting the presence of deeper convection. Moreover, the potential of genesis is stronger before cyclogenesis over the West African coast than the climatology showing that strong low-level cyclonic vortices propagate from land to ocean in an atmosphere characterized by strong upper level support. Generally, before the occurrence of a cyclonic activity, the atmosphere is more unstable and African Easterly Waves are more active over West Africa than the climatology. Over the Atlantic Ocean, large scale conditions before cyclogenesis are characterized by the presence of high cyclogenesis contributors such as warmer waters, lower pressure, stronger mid-level humidity and higher degree of atmospheric instability. \  Key words:\ African easterly waves, cyclogenesis, African monsoon.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-06-13},
	journal = {Scientific Research and Essays},
	author = {Diedhiou, Arona and Camara, Moctar and Gaye, Amadou},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {110--118},
}

@article{boone_toward_2007,
	title = {Toward the improved understanding of land-surface processes and coupling with the atmosphere over {West} {Africa}},
	volume = {4},
	url = {http://www.ileaps.org/?q=node/30},
	urldate = {2014-06-13},
	journal = {Ileaps newsletters},
	author = {Boone, A. and De Rosnay, P.},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {36--38},
}

@article{serca_no_2006,
	title = {{NO} emissions from soil: model developments within {AMMA}},
	volume = {4},
	url = {http://www.ileaps.org/?q=node/30},
	urldate = {2014-06-13},
	journal = {Ileaps newsletters},
	author = {Serca, D. and Delon, C. and Dupont, R.},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {24--25},
}

@article{delon_soil_2007,
	title = {Soil {NO} emissions modelling using {Artificial} {Neural} {Network} {Tellus} {B}},
	volume = {4},
	url = {http://www.ileaps.org/?q=node/30},
	urldate = {2014-06-13},
	journal = {Ileaps newsletters},
	author = {Delon, C. and Serca, D. and Boissard, C. and Dupont, R. and Dutot, A. and Laville, P. and De Rosnay, P. and Delmas, R.},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
}

@article{hiernaux_parcours_2006,
	title = {Les parcours du {Sahel}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {1147-7806},
	url = {http://www.jle.com/fr/revues/agro_biotech/sec/e-docs/00/04/1F/07/article.md?type=text.html},
	doi = {pas de doi},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-06-13},
	journal = {Science et changements planétaires / Sécheresse},
	author = {Hiernaux, Pierre and Houérou, Henry Noël Le},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {51--71},
}

@article{de_rosnay_amma_2006,
	title = {{AMMA} {Land}-{Surface} {Modelling} and {Intercomparaison} {Projects} ({ALMIP})},
	volume = {16},
	url = {http://www.gewex.org/Feb2006.pdf},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Gewex News},
	author = {De Rosnay, P. and Boone, A. and Beljaars, A. and Polcher, J.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {10--11},
}

@article{seguis_influences_2003,
	title = {Influences de la sécheresse et du défrichement sur les écoulements d'un petit bassin sahélien.},
	volume = {278},
	issn = {0144-7815},
	url = {http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers13-08/010031701.pdf},
	doi = {pas de doi},
	abstract = {Hydrology of Mediterrannean and Semi-Arid Regions},
	journal = {IAHS Publ.},
	author = {Séguis, L. and Cappelaere, B. and Peugeot, C. and Leduc, C. and Milesi, G.},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {429--434},
}

@article{bouzou_moussa_consequences_2009,
	title = {Les conséquences géomorphologiques de l'occupation du sol et des changements climatiques dans un bassin-versant rural sahélien},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1147-7806},
	url = {http://www.jle.com/fr/revues/sec/e-docs/les_consequences_geomorphologiques_de_loccupation_du_sol_et_des_changements_climatiques_dans_un_bassin_versant_rural_sahelien_281044/article.phtml},
	doi = {10.1684/sec.2009.0163},
	language = {fre ; eng},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2014-07-01},
	journal = {Sécheresse},
	author = {Bouzou Moussa, I. and Faran Maiga, O. and Karimou Hambouta, J.M. and Sarr, B. and Descroix, Luc and Adamou, M.M.},
	editor = {Servat, Eric and Mahé, Gil},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, PLUVIOMETRIE, HYBIS, BASSIN VERSANT, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, COUVERT VEGETAL, EROSION EOLIENNE, EROSION HYDRIQUE, FACTEUR ANTHROPIQUE, FACTEUR CLIMATIQUE, GEOMORPHOLOGIE, UTILISATION DU SOL},
	pages = {145--152},
}

@article{descroix_paradoxes_2015,
	title = {Paradoxes et contrastes en {Afrique} de l’{Ouest} : {Impacts} climatiques et anthropiques sur les écoulements},
	volume = {187},
	issn = {0016.7916},
	url = {http://www.geosoc.fr/publication/geologues/numero-actuel/doc_details/1091-187},
	language = {Français},
	journal = {Géologues},
	author = {Descroix, L and Genthon, P. and Peugeot, C. and Mahé, G. and Malam Abdou, M. and Vandervaere, J-P and Mamadou, I. and Tanimoun, B. A. and Amadou, I. and Galle, S. and Vischel, T. and Quantin, G. and Dacosta, H. and Bodian, A. and Nazoumou, Y. and Zannou, A. B.},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, AO, PHYREV},
	pages = {47--52},
}

@article{leduc_anthropisation_2015,
	title = {Anthropisation et fluctuations climatiques au {Sahel} nigérien : évolution à long terme de la nappe phréatique du {Continental} {Terminal} près de {Niamey}},
	url = {http://www.geosoc.fr/publication/geologues/numero-actuel.html},
	language = {Français},
	number = {187},
	journal = {Géologues},
	author = {Leduc, C. and Nazoumou, Y. and Favreau, G. and Massuel, S. and Oi, M. and Ousmane, B.},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Niger},
	pages = {52--56},
}

@article{tran_surface_2008,
	title = {Surface soil moisture mapping over west africa using infrared measurements from meteosat geostationary satellite: comparision of algorithmes},
	journal = {International Symposium on Geoinformatics for Spatial Infrastructure Development in Earth and Allied Sciences},
	author = {Tran, Truong and Pellarin, Thierry and Laurent, J.P.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, HYBIS},
}

@article{descroix_evolution_2016,
	title = {Évolution récente de la pluviométrie en {Afrique} de l’ouest à travers deux régions : la {Sénégambie} et le {Bassin} du {Niger} {Moyen}},
	issn = {2413-5380, 1996-3041},
	shorttitle = {Évolution récente de la pluviométrie en {Afrique} de l’ouest à travers deux régions},
	url = {http://lodel.irevues.inist.fr/climatologie/index.php?id=1105},
	doi = {10.4267/climatologie.1105},
	language = {Français},
	number = {Volume 12},
	urldate = {2016-06-15},
	journal = {Climatologie},
	author = {Descroix, Luc and Diongue Niang, Aïda and Panthou, Gérémy and Bodian, Ansoumana and Sane, Youssouph and Dacosta, Honoré and Malam Abdou, Moussa and Vandervaere, Jean-Pierre and Quantin, Guillaume},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Sahel, AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, AO, PHYREV},
}

@article{descroix_evolution_2013,
	title = {Évolution des pluies de cumul élevé et recrudescence des crues depuis 1951 dans le bassin du {Niger} moyen ({Sahel})},
	issn = {2413-5380, 1996-3041},
	url = {http://lodel.irevues.inist.fr/climatologie/index.php?id=78},
	doi = {10.4267/climatologie.78},
	number = {Volume 10},
	urldate = {2016-06-15},
	journal = {Climatologie},
	author = {Descroix, Luc and Diongue Niang, Aïda and Dacosta, Honoré and Panthou, Gérémy and Quantin, Guillaume and Diedhiou, Arona},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
}

@article{galle_amma-catch_2016,
	title = {{AMMA}-{CATCH} un observatoire hydrologique, météorologique et écologique de long terme en {Afrique} de l’{Ouest} : résultats importants et données disponibles.},
	volume = {numéro sécial "Risques, catastrophes, vulnérabilités et adaptation dans les pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest"},
	url = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010068415},
	language = {Français},
	journal = {revue « Climat et Développement »},
	author = {Galle, S. and Peugeot, C. and Grippa, M. and Chaffard, V. and Afouda, S. and Agbossou, E.K. and Ago, E.E. and Arjounin, M. and Awessou, B. and Boucher, M. and Boukari, M. and Cohard, J.-M. and Dossou, M. and Descloitres, M. and Gosset, M. and Hector, B. and Lawin, E. and Mamadou, O. and Mason, E. and Ouani, T. and Richard, A. and Seghieri, J. and Séguis, L. and Velluet, C. and Vouillamoz, J.-M. and Wubda, M. and Yalo, N. and Zannou, A. and Bénin, et les équipes AMMA-CATCH du Niger et du},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, LMI REZOC, ACLN, Benin, AO, PHYREV},
	pages = {199--206},
}

@misc{panthou_courbes_2018,
	title = {Courbes {IDF} pour la région de {Niamey}},
	language = {Français},
	author = {Panthou, G. and Vischel, T. and Quantin, G.},
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Niger, PHYREV},
}

@article{robert__2015,
	title = {Un « {SIG} à dires d’acteurs » : décryptage des vulnérabilités environnementales des agro-éleveurs et pasteurs au {Bénin}},
	copyright = {© CNRS-UMR Géographie-cités 8504},
	issn = {1278-3366},
	shorttitle = {Un « {SIG} à dires d’acteurs »},
	url = {http://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/27285},
	doi = {10.4000/cybergeo.27285},
	abstract = {Au sud-est de la commune de Djougou, les eaux de surface à usage pastoral se raréfient depuis les années 1990. Pour en comprendre l’ampleur et les raisons, nous avons développé un outil permettant une analyse socio-spatiale et socio-environnementale, à l’échelle du finage de deux villages, des dynamiques des ressources, de leurs usages et des stratégies d’accès développées par les populations : un SIG « à dires d’acteurs » associant sur le même support une cartographie classique (réseau hydrographique, forêts, voies de communication, villages, etc.) et l’expertise des populations locales. Cet outil, adossé à des entretiens semi-directifs approfondis, rend possible une description spatio-temporelle très détaillée des dynamiques agraires et des interfaces entre le monde agricole et pastoral. Il rend également compte de l’inquiétante et récente diminution des ressources en eau de surface en saison sèche et les stratégies pastorales des différents groupes d’éleveurs peuls. Enfin, il donne à voir le fait que la raréfaction des ressources n’a pas d’origine climatique, mais qu’elle est la conséquence de modes de production sans régulation des ressources. Les difficultés d’exercice de l’élevage pastoral sont en outre largement dues à une ligne de fracture sociale non pas entre éleveurs et agriculteurs mais entre autochtones et allochtones, conduisant les seconds à pratiquer le pastoralisme dans des espaces de relégation., In the southeast of the commune of Djougou, surface waters used for pastoralism are becoming increasingly scarce since the 90s. In order to understand this process and its causes, we developed a tool, a “stakeholders-guided GIS”, which enables a socio-spatial and socio-environmental analysis of resources dynamics, uses and strategies developed in two villages. Firstly, this tool combines a conventional mapping (water system, forests, roads, villages, etc.) with the expertise of local populations. Combined with semi-structured interviews, this tool provides a very detailed spatial and temporal description, showing the agrarian dynamics and the interfaces between the agricultural and the pastoral world. Secondly, this tool highlights the recent and disturbing decline of water surfaces during the dry season, and the pastoral strategies of different Fulani groups. Lastly, this tool brings the attention to the fact that resources scarcity has no climatic origin. Actually, this scarcity is the result of production methods in which resources are not regulated. Besides, the difficulties faced in pastoralism are widely due to social division, not between herders and farmers, but between indigenous and non-indigenous, forcing non-indigenous to practice pastoralism in remote areas.},
	language = {fr},
	number = {748},
	urldate = {2018-03-11},
	journal = {Cybergeo : European Journal of Geography},
	author = {Robert, Elodie and Gangneron, Fabrice},
	month = nov,
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Benin},
	pages = {1--21},
}

@article{boubacar_naallah_efficacite_2017,
	title = {Efficacité du sous-solage dans la restauration des sols sahéliens dégradés. Étude expérimentale sur le site de {Tondi} {Kiboro}, {Niger}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1813-548X},
	url = {http://www.afriquescience.net/numero6_vol_13.html},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Afrique Science},
	author = {Boubacar Na'Allah, A. and Malam Abdou, M. and Ingatan Warzagan, A. and Mamadou, I. and Faran Maiga, O. and Bouzou Moussa, I. and Descroix, L.},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Niger},
	pages = {189--201},
}

@article{gangneron_letonnante_2010,
	title = {L'étonnante diversité des ressources en eau à {Hombori}: {Entre} contrastes environnementaux, pratiques locales et technologies extérieures},
	volume = {204},
	issn = {1293-8882, 1963-1359},
	shorttitle = {L'étonnante diversité des ressources en eau à {Hombori}},
	url = {http://www.cairn.info/revue-tiers-monde-2010-4-page-109.htm},
	doi = {10.3917/rtm.204.0109},
	language = {fr},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2018-03-15},
	journal = {Revue Tiers Monde},
	author = {Gangneron, Fabrice and Becerra, Sylvia and Hamath Dia, Amadou},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {109--128},
}

@inproceedings{vouillamoz_properties_2015,
	address = {La Roche sur Yon, France},
	title = {Properties of {Benin} hard rock aquifers: multivariables and multiscale analysis of controlling parameters},
	url = {http://www.cfh-aih.fr/images/DOCS/2-Colloques/Colloque_2015_socle_la_roche_sur_yon/Actes/R_etendus/S2_P1_N1_Vouillamoz_et_al_Res_Etendu_Conf_Socle_2015_Fr.pdf},
	booktitle = {Aquifères de socle : le point sur les concepts et les applications opérationnelles},
	author = {Vouillamoz, J.-M. and Tossa, A.Y.A. and Chatenoux, B. and Kpegli, K.A.R.},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, benin, PHYREV, socle},
	pages = {6},
}

@article{hiernaux_quelle_2014,
	title = {Quelle accessibilité aux ressources pastorales du {Sahel} ?, {Access} to {Sahelian} grazing lands: {How} and for whom?},
	issn = {0002-0478},
	shorttitle = {Quelle accessibilité aux ressources pastorales du {Sahel} ?},
	url = {https://www.cairn.info/revue-afrique-contemporaine-2014-1-page-21.html},
	doi = {10.3917/afco.249.0021},
	abstract = {Les évolutions du couvert végétal sahélien diffèrent entre la résilience sur les sols sableux et la dégradation sur les glacis rocheux, dans un contexte d’expansion des superficies cultivées. Les ressources fourragères ne déclinent pas tant en production qu’en qualité et sont moins accessibles au bétail. Malgré l’ampleur des pertes au cours des sécheresses, les effectifs du cheptel progressent et contribuent à renforcer la charge animale sur les parcours. Son impact sur l’agro-écosystème reste modéré tant que l’élevage est pastoral et mobile. En revanche, les performances reproductrices des troupeaux sont affectées par la perte de mobilité non compensée par des intrants alimentaires. L’élevage pastoral naisseur, qui ravitaille les élevages d’opportunité en jeunes animaux, doit maintenir et sécuriser la mobilité du bétail, qui lui permet d’optimiser l’offre fourragère, en réduisant les effets dommageables de la pâture., In the Sahara and the Sahel, many environmental and social variables affect the dynamics of grazing lands, resulting in complex, difficult-to-predict changes. What practices should herdsmen follow to ensure access to pastoral resources ? How can they adapt in the face of uncertainty ? Given these complex factors and the great variation in animal husbandry systems, the authors – agronomists and ecologists – suggest a range of different strategies.},
	language = {fr},
	number = {249},
	urldate = {2018-03-19},
	journal = {Afrique contemporaine},
	author = {Hiernaux, P. and Diawara, M. and Gangneron, F.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Sahel, AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, pastoralisme, mobilité pastorale},
	pages = {21--35},
}

@article{malam_abdou_genese_2016,
	title = {Genèse des écoulements sur deux petits bassins versants cristallins de l’{Ouest} du {Niger} : approche multi-échelles du fonctionnement hydrodynamique},
	volume = {22},
	url = {https://journals.openedition.org/geomorphologie/11537},
	doi = {non},
	language = {Français},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Géomorphologie},
	author = {Malam Abdou, M. and Vandervaere, J-P and Bouzou Moussa, I. and Descroix, L. and Mamadou, I. and Faran Maiga, O.},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Niger, PHYREV},
	pages = {363--375},
}

@inproceedings{grippa_potential_2018,
	title = {Potential of {SWOT} for {Monitoring} {Water} {Volumes} in {Sahelian} {Ponds} and {Lakes}},
	doi = {10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518051},
	abstract = {Small water bodies play a pivotal role in the Sahel since they provide a critical water resource to livestock and people and they also offer important ecosystems services. Monitoring, modelling and better understanding the hydrological behaviour of this small water bodies is therefore a key issue. The SWOT mission will bring a resolution and spatial coverage breakthrough allowing monitoring water level and volume in small water bodies worldwide. This study assesses the potential of SWOT for monitoring water volumes in Sahelian ponds and lakes. This is done by analysing synthetic data produced using the SWOT HR simulator developed by NASA-JPL. In addition, data from the Global Precipitation Mission have been also employed to investigate the backscatter coefficient variability over land and water in the Sahel. Overall, the first application of SWOT \_ HR simulator over the Sahel has shown the good potential of SWOT for monitoring the seasonal variability of water levels in this region.},
	booktitle = {{IGARSS} 2018 - 2018 {IEEE} {International} {Geoscience} and {Remote} {Sensing} {Symposium}},
	author = {Grippa, M. and Rouzies, C. and Biancamaria, S. and Blumstein, D. and Cretaux, J. and Gal, L. and Gosset, M. and Kergoat, L.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Remote sensing, Sahel, Water resources, water resources, AMMA-CATCH, hydrological techniques, acln, Backscatter, critical water resource, ecosystems services, hydrological behaviour, inland water, Instruments, Lakes, Monitoring, Sahelian lakes, Sahelian ponds, Soil, SWOT, SWOT HR simulator, SWOT mission, water bodies, water level monitoring},
	pages = {8393--8396},
}

@inproceedings{blarel_inversion_2018,
	title = {Inversion of {Surface} {Soil} {Moisture} from {Radar} {Altimetry} {Backscattering} in {Semi}-{Arid} {Environments}},
	doi = {10.1109/IGARSS.2018.8518637},
	abstract = {Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) is a key parameter of water and energy balances in semi-arid areas. SSM is linearly related to the radar backscattering coefficients (σ0) over sand. Linear relationships are commonly used for inverting SSM in semi-arid areas from SAR and scatterometer data. Recent studies demonstrated that SSM can also be inversed from radar altimetry backscattering. An inversion method combining radar altimetry σ0and land surface model (LSM) outputs is proposed here.},
	booktitle = {{IGARSS} 2018 - 2018 {IEEE} {International} {Geoscience} and {Remote} {Sensing} {Symposium}},
	author = {Blarel, F. and Frappart, F. and Mougin, E. and Ottlé, C. and Grippa, M. and Ramillien, G. and Raoult, N.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Remote sensing, Soil moisture, Land surface, vegetation, AMMA-CATCH, ext1, Spaceborne radar, moisture, semiarid environments, remote sensing by radar, soil, synthetic aperture radar, geophysical techniques, hydrological techniques, acln, Backscatter, Soil, Altimetry, backscatter, backscattering, energy balances, inversion method, linear relationships, radar altimetry, radar altimetry backscattering, radar backscattering coefficients, scatterometer data, semiarid areas, SSM, surface model, surface Soil Moisture, Surface Soil Moisture},
	pages = {9110--9113},
}

@article{faye_use_2019,
	title = {Use of the {Standardized} {Precipitation} and {Evapotranspiration} {Index} ({SPEI}) from 1950 to 2018 to determine drought trends in the {Senegalese} territory},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {2394-8558},
	url = {http://discoveryjournals.org/climate_change/current_issue/v5/n20/index.htm},
	language = {en},
	number = {20},
	journal = {Climate Change},
	author = {Faye, Cheikh and Grippa, Manuela and Wood, Stephen},
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN},
	pages = {327--341},
}

@article{ingatan_warzagan_reducing_2019,
	title = {Reducing runoff by increasing landscaped areas},
	volume = {3},
	url = {https://revues.imist.ma/index.php/ewash-ti/article/view/15184},
	doi = {10.48421/IMIST.PRSM/EWASH-TI-V3I1.15184},
	abstract = {In the Sahel, many water and soils conservation techniques have been implemented within degraded soil areas to reduce their runoff production capacity. However, few are the works that have analyzed the relationships between the landscaping extension area and the importance of the runoff drop generated. The present work aims at fullfulling this lack of knowledge. Experiments were carried out within the Tondi Kiboro catchment (17.7 ha) which is a representative site of the hydro-environmental conditions of Western Niger. In 2007 and 2008, the initial catchment runoff coefficient (no landscaping) was determined using a hydrometric station. In 2010, 3\% of the catchment contributory surface (lateritic plateau) was laid out by benches. This proportion was then gradually increased every year to reach 9\% in 2016. Thus, it was possible to follow the concomitant evolution of landscaped area and runoff coefficient. The results show that benches play an important role in water retention and flow limitation. Between 2010 and 2016, the runoff coefficient decreased from 43\% to 10\% though the total landscaped surface remains less than 10\%. Since 2012, the runoff coefficient has more or less stabilized around 10\% (± 2\%). It is thus remarkable that the runoff decrease is not proportional to the dimension of the landscaped surface. Thanks to this work, it was possible to determine an optimal landscaped area that can reduce runoff to a desired level.},
	language = {fr},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2021-07-19},
	journal = {Environmental and Water Sciences, public Health and Territorial Intelligence Journal},
	author = {Ingatan Warzagan, A. and Bouzou Moussa, I. and Vandervaere, J-P and Malam Abdou, M. and Faran Maiga, O.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH, ACLN, Tiger bush, benches, Flow, Landscaping, Niger., Water conservation},
	pages = {36--46 Pages},
}

@article{bouzou__moussa_ibrahim_dynamique_2020,
	title = {Dynamique {Hydro}-{Erosive} {Actuelle} {Des} {Bassins} {Versants} {Endoreiques} {De} {La} {Region} {De} {Niamey} ({Sud}-{Ouest} {Du} {Niger})},
	volume = {16},
	url = {https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/13646},
	doi = {10.19044/esj.2020.v16n33p149},
	abstract = {La généralisation du ravinement et la baisse de la productivité des terres sont quelques-unes des principales contraintes qui assaillent l’utilisation des sols au Sahel. Pour gérer efficacement ces sols, une évaluation des processus hydro-érosifs est nécessaire. Ce travail a ainsi pour objectif d’analyser la dynamique hydro-érosive sur un site expérimental installé depuis 2004 dans la région de Niamey (Niger). Sur ce site, le dispositif de mesure est composé de huit parcelles de mesures de ruissellement et d’érosion, des stations hydrométriques à l’exutoire des deux bassins versants endoréiques et de plusieurs piquets destinés aux suivis morpho-dynamiques des ravines. Après une décennie d’observation, les ruissellements mesurés sur les parcelles se caractérisent par une dynamique saisonnière croissante sur les surfaces encroûtées (croûtes biologique et d’érosion) et décroissante sur les surfaces cultivées. Le coefficient de ruissellement varie de 5 \% sur la surface cultivée à 58 \% sur la croûte d’érosion. Au cours des 10 années de mesure, ce coefficient a connu une forte croissance en particulier sur la jachère (+ 80 \%) et sur la surface cultivée (+ 300 \%), traduisant ainsi la dégradation des sols. A l’échelle des bassins versants, l’augmentation du coefficient de ruissellement s’accompagne d’une érosion aréolaire qui décape le sol à une vitesse moyenne de 5 mm/an et d’une érosion linéaire active, de l’ordre de 4 m3/an au niveau des ravines suivies. Les transferts sédimentaires qui en résultent agissent sur le fonctionnement morpho-sédimentaire des cours d’eau. Des aménagements antiérosifs sont nécessaires pour dissiper les processus hydro-érosifs et préserver les services écosystémiques des sols des bassins.Widespread gullying and the declining land productivity are some of the main constraints plaguing land use in the Sahel. In order to effectively manage these soils, it has become necessary to assess the hydro-erosive processes. The current study, thus, aims at analyzing the hydro-erosion dynamics on an experimental site installed since 2004 in the Niamey region (Niger Republic). On this site, the measurement device is made up of eight runoff and erosion measurement plots, hydrometric stations at the outlet of the two endorheic watersheds and several stakes intended for morpho-dynamic monitoring of the gullies. After a decade of observation, the runoff measured on the plots is characterized by an increasing seasonal dynamic on encrusted surfaces (biological and erosion crusts) and a decreasing one on cultivated surfaces. The runoff coefficient varies from 5\% on the cultivated area to 58\% on the erosion crust. Over the 10 years of measurement, this coefficient has greatly increased, especially on the fallow (+ 80\%) and on cultivated area (+ 300\%); this increase consequently reflects soil degradation. At the watershed scale, the increase in the runoff coefficient is accompanied by area erosion (or the erosion of the area out of the basin) which strikes the soil at an average speed of 5 mm/year and active linear erosion measuring 4 m3/year as observed at the monitored (the ongoing investigated) gullies. The resulting sediment transfers act on the morpho-sedimentary functioning of rivers. Anti-erosion facilities are necessary to dissipate the hydro-erosive processes and preserve the ecosystem services of the soil in the basins},
	number = {33},
	urldate = {2022-11-14},
	journal = {European Scientific Journal, ESJ},
	author = {{Bouzou  Moussa Ibrahim} and {Malam  Abdou Moussa} and {Ingatan Warzagan Aghali} and {Boubacar Na-Allah Abdoulaye} and {Bahari Ibrahim Mahamadou} and {Mamadou Ibrahim} and {Descroix Luc} and {Le Breton   Eric} and {Vandervaere Jean-Pierre}},
	month = nov,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Section: ESJ Natural/Life/Medical Sciences},
}

@article{warzagan_effets_2023,
	title = {Effets du sous-solage sur les propriétés physiques et le stock d'eau des sols nus de brousse tigrée de l'{Ouest} du {Niger}.},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {1859-5103},
	url = {https://hal.science/hal-04000630},
	journal = {Territoires, Sociétés et Environnement},
	author = {Warzagan, Aghali Ingatan and Bouzou Moussa, Ibrahim and Vandervaere, J-P. and Malam Abdou, Moussa and Boubacar Na-Allah, Abdoulaye and Descroix, Luc},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {55--68},
}

@article{i_diack_combining_2024,
	title = {Combining {UAV} and {Sentinel}-2 {Imagery} for {Estimating} {Millet} {FCover} in a {Heterogeneous} {Agricultural} {Landscape} of {Senegal}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {2151-1535},
	doi = {10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3373508},
	journal = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing},
	author = {{I. Diack} and {S. M. Diene} and {L. Louise} and {D. A. Aziz} and {H. Benjamin} and {R. Olivier} and {L. Philippe} and {A. Alain} and {S. Idrissa} and {D. Moussa}},
	year = {2024},
	keywords = {AMMA-CATCH},
	pages = {7305--7322},
}

@article{faye_characterization_2020,
	chapter = {29},
	title = {Characterization of surface water-groundwater relations in an agrosystem with strong climatic constraints in the central-western groundnut basin : case of the {Sob} and {Diohine} watersheds in the {Niakhar} {Opse} ({Senegal})},
	journal = {Climat et Développement},
	author = {Faye, Waly and Fall, Niang, Awa and Orange, Didier and Fleury, L. and Do, Frederic C. and Jourdan, Christophe and Roupsard, Olivier and Kane, Alioune},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {36--46},
}

@inproceedings{o_kane_benchmarking_2024,
	title = {Benchmarking {Singular} {Spectrum} {Analysis} for {Imputation} in the {Sudanian} {Zone} with {Validation} {Samples}},
	isbn = {2688-2582},
	doi = {10.1109/COMPENG60905.2024.10741388},
	booktitle = {2024 {IEEE} {Workshop} on {Complexity} in {Engineering} ({COMPENG})},
	author = {{O. Kane} and {O. Mamadou} and {M. Bousso} and {F. D. Houenou}},
	month = jul,
	year = {2024},
	note = {Journal Abbreviation: 2024 IEEE Workshop on Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG)},
	pages = {1--5},
}

@article{boubacar_moussa_dynamiques_2025,
	edition = {45},
	title = {Dynamiques hydrologiques et variabilités des qualités physico-chimique et microbiologique des petits lacs sahéliens : cas du plan d’eau de {Koubia} ({Niamey}, {Sud}-ouest {Niger})},
	language = {Français},
	journal = {Rev. Ivoir. Sci. Technol.},
	author = {Boubacar Moussa, Moussa and Robert, E. and Touré, A. A. and Niandou Hambandou, A. L. and Grippa, Manuela},
	year = {2025},
	pages = {146--165},
}